What is Thyroid Cancer?

Thyroid Cancer

Thyroid cancer develops in the thyroid gland, a small butterfly-shaped gland located at the front of the neck. The thyroid helps regulate metabolism through hormones. Many thyroid cancers grow slowly and are highly treatable, especially when diagnosed early.

Common types include Papillary and Follicular thyroid cancer (usually with good outcomes), while Medullary and Anaplastic thyroid cancer are less common and may need more specialized care. Treatment may involve surgery, radioactive iodine therapy, radiotherapy, and systemic therapies when required.

Common Symptoms & When to Consult

Many thyroid cancers do not cause symptoms early. If you notice any neck swelling or voice changes that persist, it is best to consult a doctor for evaluation.

  • Neck lump or swelling: A growing lump in the front of the neck.
  • Hoarseness or voice change: Persistent change in voice without cold.
  • Difficulty swallowing: Feeling of something stuck in the throat.
  • Breathing difficulty: Especially when lying down or with a visible neck mass.
  • Neck pain: Pain radiating to the jaw or ears in some cases.
  • Swollen lymph nodes: Swelling in the neck that doesn’t go away.
  • Persistent cough: Not related to infection and lasting long.

Diagnosis may include neck ultrasound, thyroid function tests, FNAC (biopsy), CT/MRI in selected cases, and staging tests. Treatment planning is personalized based on type, stage, and overall health.

Thyroid Cancer Symptoms

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